This module covers the use of the orally administered multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Both agents have demonstrated efficacy in randomized phase III trials—sunitinib in the first-line setting compared with interferon-alfa, and sorafenib in the second-line setting compared with placebo. A recent analysis showed an overall survival benefit with sunitinib versus interferon-alfa. Expected toxicities with these agents include hypertension, fatigue, hand-foot syndrome, and diarrhea. Based on their efficacy, sunitinib and sorafenib are recommended agents for the treatment of metastatic RCC. This module outlines the important clinical trials with sunitinib and sorafenib, and discusses ongoing efforts to optimize the use of these agents in different combinations and patient populations. Also reviewed are the studies investigating predictive factors associated with responses to sunitinib and toxicity.





MODULE II
Slide Deck 5 Clinically Available Targeted Therapy: Sunitinib and Sorefinib

Robert J. Motzer, MD
Attending Physician
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Professor of Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
New York, New York


Program Description

This module covers the use of sunitinib and sorafenib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Sunitinib has demonstrated an overall survival benefit compared with interferon-alfa in the first-line setting, and sorafenib has demonstrated a progression-free survival benefit compared with placebo in the second-line setting. Also reviewed are the relevant clinical trials with sunitinib and sorafenib in RCC, including their efficacy and safety outcomes. Efforts at optimizing the use of these agents through effective combinations and optimal patient selection will be discussed.

References
1. Abrams TJ, Lee LB, Murray LJ, Pryer NK, Cherrington JM. SU11248 inhibits KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta in preclinical models of human small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003;2:471-478.
2. Bracarda S, Porta C, Boni C, et al. Randomized prospective phase II trial of two schedules of sorafenib daily and interferon-α2a (IFN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RAPSODY): GOIRC Study 0681. J Clin Oncol ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. 2007;25(18S): Abstract 5100.
3. Choueiri TK, Plantada A, Elson P, et al. Efficacy of sunitinib and sorafenib in metastatic papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:127-131.
4. Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM. Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:125-134.
5. Feldman DR, Kondagunta GV, Ronnen EA, et al. Phase I trial of bevacizumab plus sunitinib in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J Clin Oncol ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. 2007;25(18S): Abstract 5099.
6. Figlin RA, T. E. Hutson, P. Tomczak, et al. Overall survival with sunitinib versus interferon (IFN)-alfa as first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(May 20 suppl): Abstract 5024.
7. Garcia JA, Cooney MM, Mekhai T, et al. Sunitinib and bevacizumab in advanced solid tumors: Preliminary results of a phase I trial. 2008 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. Abstract 352.
8. Gollob JA, Rathmell WK, Richmond TM, et al. Phase II trial of sorafenib plus interferon alfa-2b as first- or second-line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3288-3295.
9. Gore ME, Porta C, Oudard S, et al. Sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): preliminary assessment of toxicity in an expanded access trial with subpopulation analysis. J Clin Oncol ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. 2007;25(18S): Abstract 5010.
10. Jonasch E, Corn P, Ashe RG, Do K, Tannir NM. Randomized phase II study of sorafenib with or without low-dose IFN in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. 2007;25(18S): Abstract 5104.
11. Kondagunta GV, Hudes GR, Figlin R, et al. Sunitinib malate (SU) plus interferon (IFN) in first line metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC): results of a dose-finding study. J Clin Oncol ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. 2007;25(18S): Abstract 5101.
12. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, et al. Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:115-124.
13. Motzer RJ, Michaelson MD, Redman BG, et al. Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(1):16-24.
14. Motzer RJ, Rini BI, Bukowski RM, et al. Sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. JAMA. 2006;295:2516-2524.
15. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. "Kidney Cancer." NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology 2007;v.1.2008.
16. Nexavar package insert. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 2008.
17. Patel PH, Chadalavada RS, Ishill NM, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1a and 2a levels in cell lines and human tumor predicts response to sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). J Clin Oncol 2008;26(May 20 Suppl): Abstract 5008.
18. Ratain MJ, Eisen T, Stadler WM, et al. Phase II placebo-controlled randomized discontinuation trial of sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2505-2512.
19. Rini BI, George DJ, Michaelson MD, et al. J Clin Oncol 2006 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. 2006;24(18S): Abstract 4522.
20. Ryan CW, Goldman BH, Lara PN Jr, et al. Sorafenib with interferon alfa-2b as first-line treatment of advanced renal carcinoma: a phase II study of the Southwest Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3296-3301.
21. Search for Clinical Trials. A U.S. National Institutes of Health website. Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed January 16, 2008.
22. Sosman JA, Flaherty KT, Atkins MB. Updated results of phase I trial of sorafenib (S) and bevacizumab (B) in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(May 20 suppl): Abstract 5011.
23. Sutent package insert. Pfizer Labs; 2008.
24. Tamaskar I, Garcia JA, Elson P, et al. Antitumor effects of sunitinib or sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received prior antiangiogenic therapy. J Urol. 2008;179:81-86.
25. Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the Raf/Mek/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 2004;64:7099-7109.
26. Wu S, Chen JJ, Kudelka A, et al. Incidence and risk of hypertension with sorafenib in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Feb;9(2):117-123.

Top of the Page>>